Excerpt
The blog provides an overview of Curricular Practical Training (CPT) and Optional Practical Training (OPT), which are work authorization options for international students studying in the United States. It explains the key differences between CPT and OPT, including their eligibility criteria, types, and application processes. The document also covers topics such as the STEM OPT extension, Cap-Gap extension, and handling job-related scenarios while on OPT. Overall, the document aims to guide international students on navigating these work authorization options to gain relevant work experience during and after their studies.
Are you planning to study in the US or have arrived in the States to pursue your higher education? Congratulations on your exciting journey ahead! However, we understand you’ve started searching for ways to gain relevant work experience while studying. Fret not, as we introduce you to the two superstars of student work authorisation – CPT and OPT. Think of CPT as your internship wingman and OPT as your career launchpad.
So if you plan to know how you can gain work experience in the best possible way in the US, don’t worry, we will explain everything in a snap!
Understanding CPT and OPT
Curricular Practical Training (CPT) permits students enrolled in F-1 status to undertake work directly related to their curriculum, and this may include practices such as internships, cooperative education or any other practical training offered by a sponsoring employer in association with the students’ college/university. With no restriction of working 20 hours/week, students can even work full time while training.
Note: In order to qualify for CPT, you must be an F-1 visa holder and have completed a full year studying at a Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP) certified university.
Optional Practical Training (OPT) provides international students with the opportunity to work in the US for up to 12 months. STEM graduates can avail a 24-month extension on their OPT.
Note: Students at each level in their academic journey can apply for 12 months of OPT.
Types of OPT
Pre-completion OPT
Students studying in any US institution certified by the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and the Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP), are eligible to avail the pre-completion OPT. However, they must complete one full year studying in any institution in the US.
Students authorised to avail the pre-completion OPT can work up to 20 hours a week while the school is in session or work full-time when the school is not in session.
If your employer wishes to extend your employment, you will need to switch from an F-1 visa to an H-1B visa.
Note: The duration availed for pre-completion OPT will be deducted from the available period of post-completion OPT.
Post-completion OPT
Students may choose to apply for post-completion OPT after successfully completing their program. All students are required to work for at least 20 hours a week or full-time, if authorised.
Note: Students in STEM fields can apply for a 24-month extension on their post-completion OTP.
STEM OPT Extension
If you are studying at a US institution to secure a degree in courses like Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM), you are eligible to opt for a 24 months extension for your OPT.
To avail the extension, you must fulfil the following eligibility criteria:
- You must be working in a post-completion OPT period.
- You must obtain your STEM degree from a SEVP certified university.
- You are working or plan to work with an employer who utilises the E-verify program.
- You and your employer must have signed Form I-983.
Cap-Gap Extension
A Cap-Gap extension helps you extend the tenure between the end of your F-1 visa and the start of your H-1B status.
Key Differences between CPT and OPT
To highlight the major difference between CPT and OPT, it’s essential for students to understand when they are eligible for either of the trainings. To put it in simple terms, CPT needs to be completed before the completion of their course, while OPT can be completed before or after their graduation.
Let’s have a look at some of the other aspects to understand how CPT and OPT differ!
| CPT | OPT | |
Purpose | To permit F-1 students to gain practical experience before graduating | To permit F-1 students to gain practical experience after graduating |
Authorised by | Requires permission from ISS (International Social Service) and the academic department | Requires permission from USCIS (US government) |
| Employment Duration | Up to 12 months | 12 months and can be extended up to 24 months |
Application Fee | No application fee required | An application fee of $410 should be paid to the USCIS |
Employment Type | Part-time during school (20 hours per week) Full-time during break (40 hours per week) | Full-time post graduation |
General Eligibility
For CPT
Training must relate to the student’s field of study
The CPT should be authorised by the DSO in SEVIS
The training should start before the end date of the program
The training opportunity must be secured before authorising CPT
For OPT
Training must relate to the student’s field of study
The student’s DSO must recommend OPT in SEVIS
The student must not secure training before the DSO recommends OPT
Documents Required for CPT and OPT
| Documents Required for CPT | Documents Required for OPT |
| CPT online workshop completion certificate | 2 passport-size photographs |
| Academic recommendation form | I-765 (original) |
| Copy of present I-20 | Present passport’s copy |
| In-depth description of training by your employer | A printout of I-94 |
| Print out of electronic form I-94 | Copy of OPT recommendation and I-20 Copy of all the earlier issued I-20s Any earlier issued EAD cards’ copies F-1 visa stamp’s copy on passport |
How to Apply for CPT?
To apply for your CPT, the steps would vary as per your university. However, some of the basic steps for the application include:
Connect with the DSO at your university to know about the CPT options available at your institution, the requirements and the sponsoring employers.
Secure an offer letter from your employer with all the necessary details.
Ensure applying timely to the CPT program through your university with all the required documents.
Once your CPT application is approved, you will have to sign a formal document with the training start and end date and safely keep a copy with you.
Connect with your employer and share the relevant CPT documents.
Commence your training on the start date.
How to Apply for OPT?
To apply for your OPT application, you need to start at least 90 days in advance. The procedure includes:
Connect with the DSO at your university and enquire about applying for OPT.
Request you DSO to recommend you to SEVIS for OPT and update your I-20 form.
Share Form I-765 with USCIS along with other required documents and complete the fee payment.
On the approval of your Form I-765, obtain your Employment Authorisation Document (EAD).
Commence your training on the start date mentioned in the EAD.
Navigating CPT and OPT might feel like learning a new dance—there are steps, rules, and timing to master. But with the right knowledge and guidance, you’ll move through it effortlessly. Whether you’re preparing to dive into a CPT internship or gearing up for post-grad OPT adventures, these opportunities are your backstage pass to real-world experience and career growth.
Remember, it’s not just about ticking boxes; it’s about building your future. So, keep your goals in sight, follow the rules, and don’t hesitate to lean on resources like your DSO or expert advisors. With the right plan, your U.S. journey can be as smooth as a perfectly choreographed routine.
And hey, when you’re ready to turn those CPT and OPT plans into action, Lorien Finance is here to help you with the financial side—because chasing dreams shouldn’t come with financial hurdles. Let’s make your study abroad journey extraordinary!
FAQs
Can I switch from CPT to OPT during my studies?
Yes, you can apply for OPT after completing your CPT. However, ensure that your full-time CPT does not exceed 12 months, as it would make you ineligible for OPT.
Can I use both CPT and OPT for the same job?
No, CPT is tied to your curriculum and requires a direct link to your academic program. OPT, on the other hand, is broader and can be used for jobs related to your field of study, even after graduation.
Can I work remotely on CPT or OPT?
Yes, remote work is allowed if the job aligns with CPT or OPT requirements and is authorised. Ensure you follow all reporting rules for your DSO and employer.
What should I do if my OPT application is delayed?
If your OPT application is delayed, you can contact USCIS to check the status. Additionally, plan your job search and start date considering the processing time to avoid disruptions.
Does unpaid work count as part of CPT or OPT?
Yes, unpaid internships or volunteer work related to your field of study can count towards both CPT and OPT. Make sure they are properly authorised and reported.
Can I travel outside the U.S. while on CPT or OPT?
Yes, but you must carry valid documentation, including your I-20 with CPT/OPT authorisation, a valid visa, and a job offer letter. Re-entry can be risky if your OPT application is pending, so consult your DSO before traveling.
Do I need a new job offer to extend my OPT (for STEM)?
For STEM OPT extensions, you don’t need a new job, but your existing job must meet STEM OPT criteria, including being with an E-Verify employer.
Can I apply for OPT if I’m graduating soon and haven’t used CPT?
Yes, you can apply for OPT even if you haven’t used CPT. In fact, not using full-time CPT ensures you retain the full 12-month OPT eligibility.
What happens if I lose my job while on OPT?
If you lose your job, you have a 90-day unemployment period during post-completion OPT to find new employment that aligns with your field of study.
How do I handle multiple job offers while on OPT?
You can work multiple jobs on OPT as long as each job is directly related to your field of study and reported to your DSO.
